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Characteristic energy : ウィキペディア英語版
Characteristic energy
In astrodynamics the characteristic energy (C_3\,\!) is a measure of the excess specific energy over that required to just barely escape from a massive body. The units are length2time−2, i.e. energy per mass.
Every object in a 2-body ballistic trajectory has a constant specific orbital energy \epsilon equal to the sum of its kinetic and potential energy:
:\tfrac v^2 - \mu/r = constant = \tfrac C_3
where \mu = GM is the standard gravitational parameter of the massive body with mass M and r is the radial distance from its center. As an object in an escape trajectory moves outward, its kinetic energy decreases as its potential energy (which is always negative) increases, maintaining a constant sum.
Characteristic energy can be computed as:
:C_3=v_^2\,\!
where v_ is the asymptotic velocity at infinite distance. Note that, since the kinetic energy is \tfrac mv^2, C3 is twice the specific orbital energy (\epsilon) of the escaping object.
==Non-escape trajectory==
A spacecraft with insufficient energy to escape will remain in a closed orbit (unless it intersects the central body) with:
:C_3<0\,

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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